@Article{KheraniAbPaFrSoMe:2009:ImGrWa,
               author = "Kherani, E. Alam and Abdu, Mangalathayil Ali and Paula, Eurico 
                         Rodrigues de and Fritts, D. C. and Sobral, Jos{\'e} Humberto 
                         Andrade and Meneses Junior, F. C.",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "The impact of gravity waves rising from convection in the lower 
                         atmosphere on the generation and nonlinear evolution of equatorial 
                         bubble",
              journal = "Annales Geophysicae",
                 year = "2009",
               volume = "27",
               number = "4",
                pages = "1657--1668",
             keywords = "Ionosphere, Ionospheric irregularities, Plasma waves and 
                         instabilities.",
             abstract = "The nonlinear evolution of equatorial F-region plasma bubbles 
                         under varying ambient ionospheric conditions and gravity wave 
                         seeding perturbations in the bottom-side F-layer is studied. To do 
                         so, the gravity wave propagation from the convective source region 
                         in the lower atmosphere to the thermosphere is simulated using a 
                         model of gravity wave propagation in a compressible atmosphere. 
                         The wind perturbation associated with this gravity wave is taken 
                         as a seeding perturbation in the bottomside F-region to excite 
                         collisional-interchange instability. A nonlinear model of 
                         collisional-interchange instability (CII) is implemented to study 
                         the influences of gravity wave seeding on plasma bubble formation 
                         and development. Based on observations during the SpreadFEx 
                         campaign, two events are selected for detailed studies. Results of 
                         these simulations suggest that gravity waves can play a key role 
                         in plasma bubble seeding, but that they are also neither necessary 
                         nor certain to do so. Large gravity wave perturbations can result 
                         in deep plasma bubbles when ionospheric conditions are not 
                         conducive by themselves; conversely weaker gravity wave 
                         perturbations can trigger significant bubble events when 
                         ionospheric conditions are more favorable. But weak gravity wave 
                         perturbations in less favorable environments cannot, by 
                         themselves, lead to strong plasma bubble responses.",
                 issn = "0992-7689",
             language = "en",
        urlaccessdate = "11 maio 2024"
}